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Native Instruments Kontakt 5 Factory Library v1.3.2 Update . Sound Type [Main Sound Bank] Sample Rate / Format Bits Per Sample / Samples / Memory [RAM] Load. Native.Pseudoephedrine and/or methylphenidate-induced antidepressant-like effects and neuroplasticity after post-TBI.
Altered serotonin signaling may play a role in the development of depression following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Repeated administration of methylphenidate (MPH) and pseudoephedrine (PE) are known to affect serotonin signaling, which could lead to the development of antidepressant-like effects following TBI. In the current study, we hypothesized that acute administration of MPH and/or PE would exert antidepressant-like effects and would lead to neuroplasticity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of rats with TBI. Rats received a moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI) and/or repeated treatment with MPH (10 mg/kg) and/or PE (40 mg/kg) 1 h before FPI. Two weeks post-FPI, the FPI + MPH and FPI + PE groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of aggressive interactions, compared to the FPI group. Furthermore, FPI + MPH and FPI + PE groups also demonstrated reduced serum corticosterone levels and increased serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) immunoreactivity in the BLA, compared to the FPI group. While the FPI + MPH and FPI + PE groups also demonstrated reduced 5-HT2A immunoreactivity in the DLPFC, the FPI group displayed reduced 5-HT1A receptor immunoreactivity in the DLPFC. In addition, all of the FPI + MPH and FPI + PE groups displayed greater levels of Bdnf and TrkB immunoreactivity in the BLA, compared to the FPI group. These results suggest that MPH and PE may exert antidepressant-like effects via different mechanisms, and/or by inducing neuroplasticity in different brain regions.In order to obtain a semiconductor substrate, which has a high-concentration of nitrogen, from the substrate wafer, which has been doped with impurities, for example, nitrogen, by the ion implant be359ba680
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